What Photo Manager Should I Use on Linux?
digiKam or Shotwell, and both need the dates inside your files to be correct first.
digiKam is the powerful one, with face recognition and heavy metadata editing. Shotwell is simpler and quicker to live with. Both read the date from inside each photo to build their timeline.
Neither can do anything with a Google Takeout sidecar. Import a raw export and you get one enormous day, whichever you choose.
Takeout JSON Metadata Fixer runs natively on Linux and prepares the files first. It runs on your own computer and is free for your first 500 photos.